National Supervisory Authority & Licensing Qualification Dossier • European Economic Area & Switzerland
ECB
European UnionEuropean Central Bank
Source / Native Reference: 欧洲中央银行
- Supervisory tier
- Tier-1
- License classes
- 2
- Licensed records
- 35
- Active / regulated
- 35
Statutory Supervisory Mandate & Scope
European Central Bank (ECB Banking Supervision / SSM) (ECB) is the central banking and prudential supervisory authority in European Union (Tier-1 jurisdiction). Its mandate encompasses monetary policy implementation, systemic financial stability, Basel III capital adequacy and liquidity (LCR/NSFR) supervision for credit institutions, payment systems oversight, and statutory licensing of banks and authorised financial institutions.
Prudential Tier Assessment
Tier-1Tier-1 sovereign central bank and macroprudential banking supervisor for European Union, enforcing Basel III capital adequacy and national payment system integrity.
National licensing qualifications & statutory authorisation classes (ECB)
Authorisation categories, permitted institutional and retail activities, minimum initial capital adequacy, and ongoing prudential solvency rules enforced by ECB in European Union.
| License class / code | Official designation | Permitted institutional & retail activities | Minimum initial / base capital | Ongoing prudential & solvency rule |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class A / Commercial Banking Charter | Full Commercial & Institutional Banking Licence | Deposit-taking, commercial lending, interbank FX market-making, trade finance, and institutional custody. | USD $10,000,000 – $50,000,000+ paid-up Tier 1 capital | Minimum Basel III Total Capital Ratio ≥ 10.5%–12.5%, CET1 ≥ 7.0%, LCR ≥ 100%, and NSFR ≥ 100%. |
| EMI / Payment & FX Institution Licence | Authorised Payment Institution / Electronic Money & FX Remittance Licence | Cross-border remittance, electronic money issuance, merchant payment acquiring, and deliverable spot FX conversion. | USD $150,000 – $500,000 equivalent paid-up capital plus statutory central bank security deposit. | 100% daily safeguarding of customer float in segregated commercial bank trust accounts. |
Investor compensation, client money segregation & digital-asset regime
Statutory counterparty protections, custody reconciliation mandates, and virtual-asset licensing status under ECB.
Statutory Deposit Insurance & Bank Resolution Scheme (European Union)
- Maximum coverage per client
- USD $100,000 – $250,000 / EUR €100,000 equivalent per eligible depositor
- Eligible counterparties & scope
- Retail depositors and eligible corporate deposit accounts held at licensed credit institutions.
ECB Prudential Safeguarding & Custody Directives
- Reconciliation & audit cadence
- Daily reserve and Nostro/Vostro liquidity reconciliation; 100% ring-fencing of payment institution safeguarding accounts.
- Approved custodian requirements
- Central bank reserve accounts or ring-fenced statutory trust accounts at Tier-1 correspondent banks.
ECB Prudential Cryptoasset Exposure (BCBS SCO60) & CBDC / Stablecoin Oversight
- Travel Rule, custody & stablecoin rules
- Full FATF Recommendation 16 Wire Transfer & Virtual Asset Travel Rule compliance across supervised banking rails.
Primary Governing Statutes & Rulebooks
- Central Bank & Banking Supervision Act of European Union
- Basel III Capital Adequacy (CET1 / Tier 1 / Total Capital) & Liquidity (LCR / NSFR) Prudential Standards
- National Payment Systems & Foreign Exchange Control Regulations (European Union)
- FATF-Aligned Anti-Money Laundering & Counter-Terrorist Financing (AML/CFT) Banking Directives
Regulatory Reporting & Audit Obligations
Monthly/Quarterly Basel III COREP/FINREP prudential capital and liquidity returns to ECBAnnual IFRS statutory financial audit by an approved central-bank-panel external audit firmReal-time large-exposure, foreign exchange position, and suspicious transaction reporting (STR)
Cross-Border Equivalence & Passporting
Requires ECB home-host supervisory college approval or local branch/representative office licensing for cross-border banking operations.
Supervised institutions & ECB licence records in our database
35 licence records referencing ECB (35 regulated/registered).
| Institution | Licence number | Status | Licensed legal entity | Effective date | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deutsche Bank AG | 7LTWFZYICNSX8D621K86 | Regulated | Deutsche Bank AG | — | |
| ING BANK | Number pending check | Regulated | ING Groep N.V. | — | |
| Garantibank | Number pending check | Regulated | GarantiBank International N.V. | 2014-11-04 | |
| LeasePlanbank | Number pending check | Regulated | Ayvens Bank N.V. | — | |
| Rabobank | Number pending check | Regulated | oöperatieve Rabobank U.A. | — | |
| Alpha Τράπεζα Α.Ε. | Number pending check | Regulated | ALPHA BANK S.A. | — | |
| ASNBANK | Number pending check | Regulated | ASN bank | — | |
| Attica Bank | Number pending check | Regulated | Attica Bank, S.A. | 1925-02-05 | |
| Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria | Number pending check | Regulated | BBVA Instituição Financeira de Crédito, S.A | — | |
| Banco Comercial Português | Number pending check | Regulated | Banco Comercial Português, S.A. | — | |
| Banco Santander, S.A. | Number pending check | Regulated | Banco Santander, S.A. | — | |
| De Volksbank | Number pending check | Regulated | de Volksbank N.V. | 2014-11 | |
| DSKbank | 121830616 | Regulated | DSK Bank AD | — | |
| Hrvatska poštanska banka | Number pending check | Regulated | Hrvatska poštanska banka d.d. | — | |
| Karavasilis Bank SA | Number pending check | Regulated | Eurobank Ergasias Services and Holdings S.A. | 2014 | |
| KBC | Number pending check | Regulated | KBC Bank NV | — | |
| National Bank of Greece | Number pending check | Regulated | National Bank of Greece S.A | — | |
| Piraeus Bank | Number pending check | Regulated | Piraeus Bank S.A. | — | |
| Siena Shepherd Bank | Number pending check | Regulated | Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena S.p.A. | — | |
| UniCredit S.P.A. | IT02008 | Regulated | UniCredit S.p.A. | — | |
| Nordea | 529900ODI3047E2LIV03 | Regulated | Nordea Bank Abp | — | |
| SEB | DE05778 | Regulated | Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ) Frankfurt Branch | — | |
| BNP Paribas | Number pending check | Regulated | BNP Paribas S.A. | — | |
| Citadele Banka | Number pending check | Regulated | Citadele banka | — | |
| Commerzbank | Number pending check | Regulated | COMMERZBANK Aktiengesellschaft | — | |
| DZ Bank | 529900HNOAA1KXQJUQ27 | Regulated | DZ BANK AG Deutsche Zentral-Genossenschaftsbank | — | |
| Luminor Bank AS | 213800JD2L89GGG7LF07 | Regulated | Luminor Bank AS | 2017 | |
| Moneyou B.V. | Number pending check | Regulated | ABN AMRO Bank N.V. | 2001 | |
| Raiffeisen Bank International | Number pending check | Regulated | Raiffeisen Bank International AG | — | |
| Sberbank of Poland | DE05886 | Regulated | PKO Bank Polski S.A. | 2014-11-04 | |
| Erste Group | Number pending check | Regulated | Erste Group Bank AG | 2008 | |
| Nordea Bank AB | 529900ODI3047E2LIV03 | Regulated | Nordea Bank Abp | 2014-11-04 | |
| SNS Bank | Number pending check | Regulated | de Volksbank | — | |
| Suomen Pankki | Number pending check | Regulated | Suomen Pankki – Finlands Bank | — | |
| Mizuho Securities(Global network record) | 724500ZSA7ZOZHUXBS53 | Regulated | Mizuho Bank Europe NV | — |
ECB (European Union): institutional licensing & due diligence FAQ
Key statutory capital, compensation, custody segregation, and verification answers for compliance teams.
What are the primary licensing classes and minimum capital requirements under ECB (European Union)?
ECB (European Central Bank) supervises financial institutions in European Union under Central Bank & Banking Supervision Act of European Union and Basel III Capital Adequacy (CET1 / Tier 1 / Total Capital) & Liquidity (LCR / NSFR) Prudential Standards. Key statutory authorisation classes include: Class A / Commercial Banking Charter (Full Commercial & Institutional Banking Licence — min. capital: USD $10,000,000 – $50,000,000+ paid-up Tier 1 capital); EMI / Payment & FX Institution Licence (Authorised Payment Institution / Electronic Money & FX Remittance Licence — min. capital: USD $150,000 – $500,000 equivalent paid-up capital plus statutory central bank security deposit.). Ongoing prudential supervision requires strict adherence to capital adequacy and liquidity buffers.
Does ECB provide statutory investor compensation and mandatory client asset segregation?
Under ECB's framework, investor protection is governed by Statutory Deposit Insurance & Bank Resolution Scheme (European Union) with maximum coverage of USD $100,000 – $250,000 / EUR €100,000 equivalent per eligible depositor (Retail depositors and eligible corporate deposit accounts held at licensed credit institutions.). For client money and custody assets, supervised firms must comply with ECB Prudential Safeguarding & Custody Directives, performing daily reserve and nostro/vostro liquidity reconciliation; 100% ring-fencing of payment institution safeguarding accounts. with central bank reserve accounts or ring-fenced statutory trust accounts at tier-1 correspondent banks..
How does ECB regulate digital assets, crypto exchanges (VASPs/CASPs), and stablecoins?
ECB's digital-asset regime is structured around ECB Prudential Cryptoasset Exposure (BCBS SCO60) & CBDC / Stablecoin Oversight (Regulates bank custody, payment settlement rails, fiat-backed stablecoin reserve backing, and Basel SCO60 capital weights.). Custody and AML/CFT compliance obligations require: Full FATF Recommendation 16 Wire Transfer & Virtual Asset Travel Rule compliance across supervised banking rails.
How can I verify an institution's ECB licence number and check our 35 recorded licence entries?
Our database currently tracks 35 licence records referencing ECB (35 marked regulated or registered). To verify a counterparty at the primary source, open ECB's official public register (https://www.bankingsupervision.europa.eu/framework/supervised-banks/html/index.en.html), search by the exact reference number and legal entity name, and confirm that the firm's domain and permitted activities match its statutory authorisation.
Related regulatory & market structure briefings
Research and compliance analysis from FinLexicon Wiki relevant to ECB and European Union.
Derivatives Margin & Prudential Regulation
ISDA 2026 SIMM Risk Weights, Uncleared Margin Rules (UMR) Thresholds & VM/IM Collateral Eligibility
ISDA Standard Initial Margin Model (SIMM) refers to a parametric, sensitivity-based methodology calibrated across a 10-day margin period of risk (MPOR) at a 99% confidence interval to calculate regulatory initial margin for non-centrally cleared over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives under BCBS-IOSCO Uncleared Margin Rules (UMR).
Prudential Regulation & Capital Standards
Expanded Risk-Based Approach (ERBA) Basel III Endgame Standard: Statutory Definition, Regulatory Scope & Compliance Deadlines (-4.8% Cat I/II CET1 Change Benchmark)
Expanded Risk-Based Approach (ERBA) Basel III Endgame Standard (BASEL-ERBA-2026) stands at -4.8% (Cat I/II CET1 Change) (Source: Federal Reserve / OCC / FDIC, 2026-10-20), governing exact rule citations, covered entities
Market Microstructure & Derivatives Taxonomy
Expanded Risk-Based Approach (ERBA) Basel III Endgame Standard: Balance-Sheet Netting Mechanics & RWA Capital Weight Calculation (-4.8% Cat I/II CET1 Change Benchmark)
Expanded Risk-Based Approach (ERBA) Basel III Endgame Standard (BASEL-ERBA-2026) stands at -4.8% (Cat I/II CET1 Change) (Source: Federal Reserve / OCC / FDIC, 2026-10-20), governing multilateral netting compression and T
ISDA & Counterparty Credit Lexicon
Expanded Risk-Based Approach (ERBA) Basel III Endgame Standard: Clearinghouse Default Waterfall & Margin Segregation Rules (-4.8% Cat I/II CET1 Change Benchmark)
Expanded Risk-Based Approach (ERBA) Basel III Endgame Standard (BASEL-ERBA-2026) stands at -4.8% (Cat I/II CET1 Change) (Source: Federal Reserve / OCC / FDIC, 2026-10-20), governing omnibus versus legally segregated oper
Statutory licensing classes, base capital rules, and investor protection summaries for ECB (European Union) are maintained for institutional benchmarking and do not constitute legal advice. Always verify current rulebooks and active firm authorisations directly on ECB’s official public register.